A Level Computer Science OCR Practice Exam

How can heuristics be best described?

1. Using mathematical algorithms for problem solving

2. Following strictly defined rules to reach a solution

3. Applying previous knowledge or experience to solve problems

4. Implementing systematic methods for every situation

The correct answer is: Applying previous knowledge or experience to solve problems

Heuristics can be best described as applying previous knowledge or experience to solve problems. This approach focuses on using rule-of-thumb strategies to simplify decision-making and problem-solving processes. Heuristics allow individuals to make educated guesses based on past experiences rather than relying solely on rigid algorithms or systematic methods. This method is particularly effective in complex situations where exhaustive problem-solving strategies may be impractical due to time constraints or the sheer volume of possibilities that need to be considered. By drawing on prior experiences or similar scenarios, individuals can quickly arrive at a reasonable solution without having to analyze every potential outcome. This is especially useful in fields like computer science, artificial intelligence, and decision-making processes where some level of uncertainty is present. In contrast, using mathematical algorithms or strictly defined rules tends to involve more rigid methodologies that may not adapt well to novel situations. This is why the focus on experience and intuition in heuristics can be a more flexible and efficient approach in many real-world scenarios.